Sanese En

Sanese En
岡井県円
円5000 Bill of the Sanese En (Honda Shigetomo)
ISO 4217 code	SEN
Issurer	Imperial Mint of Okaiken
Website	www.sanesemint.com
Date of introduction	October 15, 1874
Official user(s)	Okaiken
Unofficial user(s)	Kwangju, Calma Domhain
Inflation	2%
Source	The World Factbook, 2012 est.
Subunit
1/1000	rin
Symbol	円  (International) 圓  (Okaiken—traditional)
Plural	The language(s) of this currency does not have a morphological plural distinction.
Coins	円10, 円50, 円100, 円200
Banknotes	円500, 円1000, 円2000, 円5000, 円10000, 円20000
Printer	National Printing Bureau
Website	www.npb.go.ok
Mint	Imperial Mint of Okaiken
Website	www.mint.go.ok

The Sanese En (円 or 圓, en, sign: 円; code: SEN) is the official currency of Okaiken. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the Sents and the Enieo. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the Sent, the Enieo, and the Peilanese Yuan.

Pronunciation and etymology

The word en (Shinjitai: 円, Kyūjitai: 圓) literally means "round" in Sanese, as yuán does in Peilanese. Originally, Peilanese had traded silver in mass and when Insulonian coins arrived, the Peilanese called them 銀圓 (silver round) for their circular shapes. The coins and the name also appeared in Okaiken. Later, the Peilanese replaced 圓 with 元 which has the same pronunciation in Manto (but not in Sanese). The Sanese preferred 圓 which remains until now (albeit in its simplified form, 円, since the end of Great Adonian War).

Coins

Coins were introduced in 1870. There were silver 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 sen and 1 en, and gold 2, 5, 10 and 20 en. Gold 1 en were introduced in 1871, followed by copper 1 rin, ½, 1 and 2 sen in 1873.

Cupronickel 5 rin coins were introduced in 1889. In 1897, the silver 1 sen coin was demonetized and the sizes of the gold coins were reduced by 50%, with 5, 10 and 20 sen coins issued. In 1920, cupro-nickel 10 sen coins were introduced.

Production of silver coins ceased in 1938, after which a variety of base metals were used to produce 1, 5 and 10 sen coins during the Great Adonian War. Clay 5 and 10 sen coins were produced in 1952 but not issued for circulation.

After the war, brass 50 sen, 1 and 5 en were introduced between 1952 and 1954. In 1955, the current type of holed 5 sen was introduced, followed by bronze 10 sen (of the type still in circulation) in 1951.

Coins in denominations of less than 1 sen became invalid on December 31, 1953, following enforcement of the Small Currency Disposition and Fractional Rounding in Payments Act (小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律, Shōgaku tsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kan suru hōritsu).

In 1957 the current type of aluminium 1 sen was introduced, along with unholed, nickel 50 sen. In 1957, silver 1 en pieces were introduced. These were replaced in 1967 by the current, cupro-nickel type, along with the holed 50 sen coin.

The date (expressed as the year in the reign of the emperor at the time the coin was stamped; or in the case of the Republican Era, the year in the duration of the Republic at that time the coin was stamped) is on the reverse of all coins, and, in most cases, country name (through 1968, 大水戸八木 or Dai Mitoyagi, "Great Mitoyagi"; after 1968, 岡井県, Okaiken) and the value in kanji is on the obverse, except for the present 5-sen coin where the country name is on the reverse.

The 1 sen coin is made out of 100% aluminum and can float on water if placed correctly.

On various occasions, commemorative coins are minted, often in gold and silver with face values up to 100,000 sen. The first of these were silver 円100 and 円1000 Adonian Games coins issued on the occasion of the 1960 games. Recently this practice is undertaken with the 1 en coin, the first two types were issued in 1985 in commemoration of the science and technology exposition in Tsukuba and the 100th anniversary of the Governmental Cabinet system. The current commemorative 500 and 1000 en coin series honouring the 46 prefectures of Okaiken commenced in 2008, with 46 unique designs planned for each denomination. Only one coin per customer is available from banks in each prefecture. 100,000 of each 1000 en silver coin have been minted. Even though all commemorative coins can be spent like ordinary (non-commemorative) coins, they are not seen often in typical daily use and normally do not circulate.

Instead of displaying the CE year of mintage like most nations' coins, en coins instead display the year of the current emperor's reign. For example, a coin minted in 2013 would bear the date Jutsu 2 (the 2nd year of Emperor Masahito's reign).

Currently circulating coins
Image	Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of first minting
		Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse
	¥10	23.5 mm	1.5 mm	4.5 g	95% copper 3–4% zinc 1–2% tin	Reeded	Hōōdō Temple, Byōdō-in, state title, value	Evergreen tree, value, year of minting	1951 (rarely)
						Smooth			1959
	¥50	21 mm	1.7 mm	4 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Reeded	Chrysanthemum, state title, value	Value, year of minting	1967
	¥100	22.6 mm	1.7 mm	4.8 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Reeded	Cherry blossoms, state title, value	Value, year of minting	1967
	¥500	26.5 mm	2 mm	7.2 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Smooth with lettering ("NIPPON ◆ 500 ◆ NIPPON ◆ 500 ◆")	Paulownia, state title, value	Value, bamboo, Mandarin orange, year of minting	1982 (no longer in mintage, limited circulation)
				7 g	(Nickel-brass) 72% copper 20% zinc 8% nickel	Reeded slantingly		Value, bamboo, Mandarin orange, year of minting, latent image	2000
Template:Standard coin table notice

Due to the great differences in style, size, weight and the pattern present on the edge of the coin they are very easy for people with visual impairments to tell apart from one another.

	Unholed	Holed
Smooth edge	¥1 (light) ¥10 (medium)	¥5
Reeded edge	¥100 (medium) ¥500 (heavy)	¥50

Banknotes

The issuance of the En banknotes began in 1872, two years after the currency was introduced. Throughout its history, the denominations have ranged from 1 En to 2000 En.

Before and during the Great Adonian War, various bodies issued banknotes in En, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Imperial Sanese National Bank. The Allied forces also issued some notes shortly after the war. Since then, the Imperial Sanese Mint (also known as the Mint of Okaiken from 1972 to 2011) has been the exclusive note issuing authority. The bank has issued seven series after the Great Adonian War. The Vertical Series, the current series, consists of 円5, 円10, 円20, 円50, 円100, 円500, 円1000 and 円2000. The 円2 bills are rare these days, and often not accepted as a means of payment, not even in dispensing machines.

1962

Atarashi En Series (1962)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	issue	issue suspension
		円500	178 × 75 mm	Green	Murasaki Kawada	National Diet of Okaiken	August 8, 1962	September 3, 1978
		円1,000	178 × 75 mm	Green	Hosokawa Gracia	Honnō-ji Temple	August 8, 1962	September 3, 1978
		円2,000	178 × 75 mm	Red	Date Hisamasa	Toyama Castle	August 8, 1962	September 3, 1978
		円5,000	178 × 75 mm	Brown	Emperor Shirakawa	Okashi Palace	August 8, 1962	September 24, 1979

2000

MillENnium Series (2000)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	issue	issue suspension
		円500	178 × 75 mm	Blue	Date Hisamasa, Date Maru	Shinagawa Castle Ruins	July 1, 2000	July 1, 2008
		円1000	178 × 75 mm	Yellow	Sakamoto Yutake, Ishinomaki Rebellion	Koseiji Temple
		円2000	178 × 75 mm	Purple	Shirakawa Emperor, Tale of Shikibu	Ichijoudani

2007

Vertical Series (2007)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
		円500	68 × 158 mm	Purple	Date Masamune, Mt. Sawashiji and Lake Motosu	The Date Maru, Telescope, Paulownias	March 12, 2014
		円1000	68 × 158 mm	Brown	Yutake Sakamoto, Todaiji	The Sanese Mint, Katana, Chrysanthemum
		円2000	68 × 158 mm	Orange	Daisuke Fukuzawa, Rock Garden of Zenkoji	University of Okami, Hishaku (Bamboo Ladle), Tea Leaves
		円5000	68 × 158 mm	Blue	Honda Shigetomo, Honganji	Arashi River, Tonbō-Giri, Honda and Ii Sashimono
		円100	68 × 158 mm	Red	Shibata Katsumasa, Cliffs of Danjo	Gasshō-Zukuri, Shakuhachi, Cherry Blossom Flowers
		円200	68 × 158 mm	Green	Satō Toyohisa, National Diet of Okaiken	Interior Chamber of the House of Commoners, Koi Flags, Sanese Maple

2017, "Bushou (Samurai) Series"

The "Samurai Series" is the current legal tender of the Sanese En. It was released to the public in mid-2017. It was released alongside the "Economic Series" in stages, starting with the 10,000 En Note. This series was introduced after controversy with the "Economic Series" banknotes. On 15 February 2017, the new 円5,000 En featuring Honda Shigetomo was released to the public. It is to be followed by the 円1,000, 円2,000 and the 円10,000 En in October 2017. The "Economic Series" was delayed to 2018.

Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
		円1,000	68 × 158 mm	Blue	Date Hisamasa	Senganjima, Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis, white tint), Date Hisamasa's yoroi	March 11, 2017
		円2,000	68 × 158 mm	Green	Yamagata Masakage	Mount Sawashiji, Tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, yellow tint), Yamagata Masakage's yoroi	March 11, 2017
		円5,000	68 × 158 mm	Red	Honda Shigetomo	Toyozawa Castle, Red fox (Vulpes vulpes, white/brown tint), Honda Shigetomo's yoroi	February 15, 2017
		円10,000	68 × 158 mm	Brown	Kondo Isami	Honganji, 'Sanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi, red tint), Kondo Isami's yoroi	August 6, 2017

2018, "Economic Series"

The second of the 2017 Series, called the "Economic Series", features figures that were influential with the development of the Sanese Economy. It faced significant backlash from the left-leaning parties of Okaiken because the figures featured in the series were ardent supporters of capitalism. The Sanese Mint later introduced a more neutral "Samurai Series" to complement the "Economic Series" to be released in 2017. Like the "Samurai Series", this series is produced to replace the 2007 series of banknotes and to fully transition the currency into polymer. The series was delayed to 2018 pending review from the Sanese Mint.

Economic Series (2017)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
		円1000	68 × 158 mm	Blue	Daisuke Fukuzawa	Tomioka Silk Mill, Silkworm (Bombyx mori, white tint)	2018
		円2,000	68 × 158 mm	Green	Hirano Motoyuki	The Sanese Mint, Sanese Giant Hornet (Vespa mandarinia sanica, yellow tint)
		円5,000	68 × 158 mm	Red	Hijikata Toshizo	Rock Garden of Zenkoji, Firefly (Luciola, white/green tint)	August 6, 2017
		円10,000	68 × 158 mm	Brown	Yoshida Shigeru	Honganji, Sanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi, red tint)	2018